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PSYCHOLOGY / STATE OF THE ART PAPER
Neuroimaging in post-traumatic stress disorder: a narrative review
1
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
2
Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
3
Department of Psychoprophylaxis, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
4
Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
Submission date: 2023-10-20
Final revision date: 2024-03-11
Acceptance date: 2024-05-07
Online publication date: 2024-06-07
KEYWORDS
post-traumatic stress disordermagnetic resonance imagingeye movement desensitization and reprocessingpsychotraumatology
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric pathology arising from severe trauma exceeding an individual’s adaptive capabilities. Clinical presentations include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional detachment, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, and heightened vegetative arousal. High-risk groups encompass veterans, survivors of sexual assault, and those impacted by warfare, terrorism or calamities. Therapeutic approaches involve pharmacological and psychological interventions, particularly cognitive-behavioral modalities and prolonged exposure therapy. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is acknowledged for its therapeutic benefits. Recent investigations aim to delineate structural neurobiological alterations underpinning PTSD symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging studies show reduced volumes in the hippocampus, left amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex relative to control cohorts. Emerging data suggest that therapeutic interventions elicit favorable structural modifications in the brain, indicative of therapeutic efficacy. Neuroimaging exploration in mental disorders is a pivotal and promising frontier, poised to deliver significant clinical benefits, augmenting the evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic domain in mental healthcare.
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