Introduction:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disorder marked by persistent respiratory symptoms and escalating airflow obstruction. The global rise in COPD incidence and mortality poses a significant societal burden. Despite its prevalence, the intricate pathogenesis of COPD remains incompletely understood. This study aims to elucidate molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets by integrating known COPD-related genes and analyzing RNA-Seq and expression microarray data.

Material and methods:
We conducted a comprehensive analysis by combining RNA-Seq and expression microarray data for COPD, focusing on known COPD-associated genes. Differential expression analysis revealed insights into the cellular biological processes and signaling pathways underlying COPD pathogenesis. Functional modules closely linked to COPD were identified through protein interaction network analysis.

Results:
The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) highlighted the significance of cellular processes such as chemotaxis, cell migration, cellular stress, and apoptosis in COPD pathogenesis. Key signaling pathways, including NF-kappa B, JAK-STAT, T cell receptor, and NOD-like receptor pathways, were identified as crucial contributors to COPD development. Protein interaction network analysis unveiled functional modules associated with COPD. Validation through qRT-PCR and immunoblotting confirmed PTX3 and CYP1B1 as core genes, suggesting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COPD.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular landscape of COPD, identifying PTX3 and CYP1B1 as promising candidates for further investigation as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This research contributes to a better understanding of COPD pathogenesis, offering avenues for the development of targeted interventions to address this escalating global health concern.