Association between air pollution and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study

Introduction:
The association of air pollution with bone mineral density (BMD) has attracted increasing attention. However, establishing a causal relationship remains uncertain.

Methods:
We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study employing PM_2.5, PM_2.5-10, PM₁₀, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides as exposures and BMD as the outcome to explore the causality between air pollution and the occurrence of decreased BMD.

Results:
By employing the IVW method, we identified a negative causality between air pollution (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and nitrogen oxides) and BMD.

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and nitrogen oxides exposure may contribute to decreased BMD.

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